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Human plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) represents the integrated cumulative ability of circulating enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants to neutralize reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thereby reflecting the overall human plasma total antioxidant capacity of extracellular redox defense rather than the concentration of individual antioxidants alone. As a comprehensive oxidative stress biomarker, TAC incorporates the collective […]

Lipid peroxidation represents a central biochemical mechanism underlying oxidative stress, characterized by the free radical-mediated oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids within biological membranes, ultimately compromising membrane architecture, cellular homeostasis, and tissue function. The process is initiated when excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly the hydroxyl radical, abstract hydrogen atoms from membrane phospholipids to generate lipid […]

Naghmeh Haddadi, Mehrzad Mirzania, and Hadi Ansarihadipour Syringic acid (SA) is a phenolic acid compound with antioxidant properties, investigated as a natural antioxidant agent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where oxidative stress contributes to disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Our investigation employed a sex- and age-matched design including healthy donors and AML patients at diagnosis, […]

Abstract Oxidative stress represents a fundamental pathological mechanism connecting metabolic dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and progressive cellular injury. Emerging evidence indicates that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor signaling extends beyond its classical incretin function in glucose regulation and acts as a critical molecular interface between metabolic control, redox homeostasis, and cellular protection [1–3]. Activation of GLP-1 pathways […]

1. Overview Oxidative stress is a central concept in modern molecular and cellular biology, describing a disruption in redox homeostasis caused by an imbalance between the generation of reactive species and the capacity of antioxidant systems. Contemporary definitions extend beyond the classical “oxidative damage” model and recognize reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), […]